In Ohio, Ohio State Trooper cars use all blue lighting except for two red LED's mounted in the grill. Most utility companies, towing services, oversize load vehicles, slow vehicles, and certain types of construction equipment mount some type of lightbar or lighting system for a higher degree of visibility. Red: Police, fire department, police highway patrol vehicles, ambulance, and any other certified emergency vehicles (electric power company, military police, military ambulance, gas supplier, railway company, Thai Red Cross Society, local government, etc.). Vehicles operated by fire departments, such as fire engines and heavy rescue vehicles, prominently use red, a color with strong cultural associations with the fire service, along with some amber and white. In marine service, the exhaust manifold is often integral to a heat exchanger that allows seawater to cool a closed system of freshwater circulating within the engine. Lagging the exhaust pipe stops it from overheating the engine room where people must work to service the engine. They work by transforming the polluted exhaust components into water and carbon dioxide. In the past, these bikes would come as standard with a single exhaust muffler. A twin-cylinder bike may have independent exhaust sections, as seen in the Kawasaki EX250 (also known as the Ninja 250 in the US, or the GPX 250), or a single exhaust section known as a two-into-one (2-1). Four-cylinder machines, super-sport bikes like Kawasaki's ZX series, Honda's CBR series, Yamaha's YZF series, latterly titled R6 and R1, and Suzuki's GSX-R, often have a twin exhaust system.
Headers are generally circular steel tubing with bends and folds calculated to make the paths from each cylinder's exhaust port to the common outlet all equal length and joined at narrow angles to encourage pressure waves to flow through the outlet, not back towards other cylinders. During design, engineers create a manifold without regard to weight or cost but instead for optimal flow of the exhaust gases. NVH engineers perform sound and vibration testing to prevent loud cabin noises, detectable vibrations, and/or improve the sound quality while the vehicle is on the road. A consequence of the problematic nature of the adaptation of large-diameter exhaust tubing to the undercarriage of ladder-frame or body-on-frame chassis architecture vehicles with altered geometry suspensions, lake pipes evolved to become a front-engined vehicle exhaust archetype crafted by specialty motorsport engine specialists of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, whose focus was the optimization of the acoustic effect associated with high-output internal combustion engines. For inline-four engines and V8 engines, exhaust manifolds are usually either a 4-2-1 design (where the four pipes merge into two, followed by a separate merge of these two pipes into one) or a 4-1 design (where the four pipes directly merge into one).
Resonators can be used inside mufflers or as separate components in an exhaust system. Typical designs of crossover pipes are a perpendicular pipe ('H-pipe', due to their shape) or angled pipes that slowly merge and separate ('X-pipe'). Resonators are sections of pipe that expand to a larger diameter and allow the sound waves to reflect off the walls and cancel out, reducing the noise level. These reflections partially cancel each other out, reducing the sound level. These pipes allow sound to travel into them and cause the sound waves to bounce off the closed, flat ends of the pipe. In most production engines, the manifold is an assembly designed to collect exhaust gas from two or more cylinders into one pipe. In most motorcycles, all or most of the exhaust system is visible and may be chrome plated as a display feature. This sheath may be chrome plated as a display feature. Depending on the result of these calculations, the ACU may also deploy various additional restraint devices, such as seat belt pre-tensioners, and/or airbags (including frontal bags for driver and front passenger, along with seat-mounted side bags, and "curtain" airbags which cover the side glass).
The driver must manually bring the vehicle up to speed and use a button to set the cruise control to the current speed. The system also includes active lane change assist with hands-off function, which executes lane changes when the driver activates the turn signal and adjusts the vehicle’s speed accordingly. It features Advanced Lane Driving with hands-off capability, Active Lane Change Recommendation, Predictive Curve Departure Warning, and an Exit Warning. Ambulance and fire personnel use red warning lights. Some airbag technologies use compressed nitrogen or argon gas with a pyrotechnic operated valve ("hybrid gas generator"), while other technologies use various energetic propellants. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. In these situations, upgrading or removal of the catalytic converter can increase power at high revs. Therefore, a non-standard product can cause a vehicle to be unroadworthy. When a bus, truck or tractor or excavator has a vertical exhaust pipe (called stacks or pipes behind the cab), sometimes the end is curved, or has a hinged cover flap which the gas flow blows out of the way, to try to prevent foreign objects (including feces from a bird perching on the exhaust pipe when the vehicle is not being used) getting inside the exhaust pipe.
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